Enhancing Water Infiltration through Heavy Soils with Sand-Ditch Technique

Enhancing rainwater infiltration into heavy soils is an important strategy in arid regions to increase soil water storage and meet crop water demand. In such soils, water infiltration and deep percolation can be enhanced by constructing deep ditches filled with permeable materials, such as sand. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effect of sand ditch installed across the slope of a soil box, 50 × 20 × 20 cm3, on runoff interception and water infiltration of clay soil packed at two bulk densities, 1240 and 1510 kg/m3. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions using simulated steady flow of about 20 cm/h for a duration of 60 min. Results showed that sand ditches highly reduced runoff and largely enhanced water infiltration into soils. In low-density soil, the average runoff was 15% of inflow volume but reduced to zero in the presence of sand ditches thus increasing soil water storage by 15%. In high-density soil, the presence of sand ditches was more effective; infiltration volume increased by 156% compared to control. The WASH_2D model was used to simulate water flow in the presence of sand ditches; it showed to increase water infiltration and soil-moisture storage thus improving crop production in drylands

Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) Water Uptake under Different Simulated Drought Conditions

The Mesquite plant has been introduced to several parts of the world in order to control land degradation and to stabilize sand dunes. Mesquite has performed well in several locations due to its tolerance to different environmental stresses. However, mesquite is now considered one of the most invasive species in the world. In this study, we attempt to investigate the impact of drought on mesquite water uptake and to select plant indices that can be used to compare the mesquite’s performance under drought conditions with that of Sudanese indigenous species